—–. 1989. This new Syntax and Semantics from Verb Morphology inside Progressive Aramaic: An excellent Jewish Dialect from Iraqi Kurdistan. American Oriental Collection, 69. The fresh Retreat: American Chinese language People.
Meehan, Charles, and you will Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The latest Guy Whoever Tunic Caught so you’re able to Your: A Folktale about Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel China Knowledge 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Tale and you may Background into the a pattern of Lamentations towards Ninth of Ab on the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect off Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The ebook from Exodus in Neo-Aramaic about Dialect of the Jewish Community out-of Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Force.
Such six binyanim out-of Syriac have been low in NENA in order to a few earliest kinds, that have a third directly allied to your next
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Code Contact, Creolization, and you may Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and you will Los angeles: Univ. regarding California Press.
The original group originated from the fresh peal, next category throughout the pael, additionally the third, whose vocalism comes after that of the next, is derived from the brand new afel
Other factor complicating the situation ‘s the differential affects of one’s various co-territorial dialects. The new dialect distinctions in this Kurdish are very considerable, and to the effect are tracked a number of the version certainly NENA languages. Including, the brand new Jewish Neo-Aramaic from Halabja, like the Kurdish of urban area, doesn’t separate something special and upcoming tense, however, in which Kurdish preserves particularly a significant difference, so do Neo-Aramaic. When you look at the Azerbaijan, Turkish provides exerted good influence on the Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), as well as the dialects of your own ordinary out-of Mosul tell you a powerful influence away from Arabic perhaps not seen in other places.
Tkhuma (Tx): The words regarding descendants of emigrants from a single of your own semi-independent ashirets from southeast Turkey, today citizen over the Khabur Valley in the Syria. Data is from Jacobi (1973) and my personal notes.
(5) Syriac had about three first verbal stems, the brand new peal, the fresh pael, additionally the afel. To the was in fact added three passive stems, designed regarding very first of them by prefixation away from elizabeth[Theta]-: new e[Theta]pael, the latest age[Theta]paal, and the ettafal. This situation can be found through the NENA. In most NENA languages, verbs usually stay static in this new verb classes in which they certainly were included in prior to stages of one’s vocabulary. Which is, the latest descendant away from good Syriac peal verb might possibly be an effective NENA Class I verb, and a beneficial Syriac pael verb will be a beneficial NENA Class II verb: such, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ off prior to peal, and you will sadure ‘send’ out of before pael. not, when you look at the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and maybe Koy Sanjaq, the category membership might have been reorganized which can be predictable to your basis of your own form of the newest base as opposed to its historic source. For example, in Azerbaijani the newest C base gets the means CaCoC- to have voice verbs, whatever its origin, and CCaC- getting middle-weakened verbs: garosen ‘I are pulling’, but kwasan ‘I (f.) are descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Various other most https://datingranking.net/cs/recon-recenze/ high innovation when you look at the NENA ‘s the 3rd individual copula that have l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This type may get (Noldeke 1868, 203) away from i[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but zero copula like it is found additional NENA. The first and you may second individual don’t have an l, except when you look at the Jewish Azerbaijani, where l might have been generalized from paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:winnings ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is through the NENA but in the Halabja, which has -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it is the times regarding mercy’. None Turoyo neither Mandaic have variations synchronous in order to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he try here’, harke-zero ‘I am here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he is actually charming’, basim-na ‘I are charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The existing Aramaic term having ‘son’, bra for the BT, could have been stretched in all NENA but Hertevin from the addition of diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, private telecommunications), Zakho brona (Meehan and Alon 1979, 177). Yet not, one another Turoyo and you may Mandaic has an epenthetic vowel, but zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you can Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) In many cases, Hertevin aligns which have Turoyo, against the remainder of NENA. It lacks a CCaCa present tense (6), has no sodir preterite (12), doesn’t have preposition ta (15), and you may uses ruh to form reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. Brand new Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect off Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Investigation and you can Folkloristic Messages. Janua Linguarum, collection practica step 3. The new Hague: Mouton.
